Gothenburg (Swedish Swedish ( svenska ) is a North Germanic language, spoken by approximately 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the coast and on the Åland islands. It is to a considerable extent mutually intelligible with Norwegian and to a lesser extent with Danish (see especially "Classification"). Along: Göteborg; pronounced [jœteˈbɔrj] ( listen)) is the second-largest city in Sweden Sweden (pronounced /ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən, Swedish: Sverige [ˈsvær.jə]), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and water borders with Denmark, Germany and (after Stockholm Stockholm (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈstɔkːɔlm] ) is the capital and the largest city of Sweden. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the Riksdag (parliament), and the official residence of the Swedish monarch as well as the prime minister. Since 1980, the monarch has resided at Drottningholm Palace outside of Stockholm and uses) and the fifth-largest in the Nordic countries The Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden and their associated territories which include the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Svalbard and Åland. Scandinavia is sometimes used as a synonym for the Nordic countries, although within the Nordic countries. Situated on the southwest coast of Sweden, the city proper has a population of 508,714, with 510,491 in the urban area and total of 920,283 inhabitants in the metropolitan area.^[1]

The City of Gothenburg was founded in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden Gustav II Adolf , widely known in English by the Latinized name Gustavus Adolphus and variously in historical writings sometimes as simply just Gustavus, or Gustavus the Great, or Gustav Adolf the Great, (Swedish: Gustav Adolf den store, from the special distinction passed by the Swedish Parliament in 1634), was founder of the Swedish Empire (or. It lies by the sea at the mouth of Göta Älv The Göta älv is a river that drains lake Vänern into Kattegat at the city of Gothenburg on the western coast of Sweden. It is located in Götaland, with the river itself being a site of early Geatish settlement. The length is 93 km. Often the combination of Göta älv and Klarälven is mentioned. This combination is the longest river in the—the river running through the city—and is the largest seaport in the Nordic countries The Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden and their associated territories which include the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Svalbard and Åland. Scandinavia is sometimes used as a synonym for the Nordic countries, although within the Nordic countries.^[3]

Gothenburg is also home to many students, as the city includes both the University of Gothenburg The University of Gothenburg is a university in Sweden's second largest city, Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology. Volvo Cars Volvo Cars, or Volvo Personvagnar AB, is a Swedish automobile manufacturer founded in 1927, in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden. It is currently owned by Ford Motor Company, which has agreed to sell the firm to the parent of Geely Automobile of China in a deal expected to be completed in the third quarter of 2010 was founded in Gothenburg in 1927.^[4]

Contents 1 Name 2 History 3 Geography 3.1 Climate 3.2 Parks and Nature 4 Culture 4.1 Architecture 4.2 Characteristic buildings 4.3 Music 4.4 Food and drink 4.5 Sports 5 Economy 6 Government 7 Demographics 8 Education 9 Points of interest 10 Transportation 10.1 Air 10.2 Sea 10.3 Rail and intercity bus 10.4 Freight 10.5 Public transport 11 Notable people 12 International relations 12.1 Twin towns and sister cities 13 See also 14 Notes and references 15 External links

Name

The city was named after the Geats Geats , sometimes associated with the Goths, were a North Germanic tribe inhabiting what is now Götaland ("land of the Geats") in modern Sweden. The name of the Geats also lives on in the Swedish provinces of Västergötland and Östergötland, the Western and Eastern lands of the Geats, and in many other toponyms (Swedish: Götar varied: Geatas, Gautar, Goths The Goths were a heterogeneous East Germanic tribe, who played an important role in the history of the Roman Empire after they appeared on its lower Danube frontier in the third century, Gotar, Gøtar, Götar), the inhabitants of Gothia, now southern Sweden—i.e. "Defense of the Geats".^[5] The river on which the city sits is the Göta Älv or Gothia River. Göta borg or Gothia Fortress is the fort on the Göta River, built to protect the port, which was created to be Sweden's commercial window to the west.

In Dutch Dutch ( Nederlands ) is a West Germanic language spoken by over 22 million people as a native language and over 5 million people as a second language. Most native speakers live in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Suriname, with smaller groups of speakers in parts of France, Germany and several former Dutch colonies. It is closely related to other, Scots Scots is the Germanic language variety traditionally spoken in Lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster. It is sometimes called Lowland Scots to distinguish it from Scottish Gaelic, the Celtic language variety spoken in most of the western Highlands and in the Hebrides and English English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into South-East Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria. Following the economic, political, military, scientific, cultural, and colonial influence of Great Britain and the United Kingdom from the 18th century, and of—all languages with a long history of being spoken in the trade and maritime-oriented city—the name Gothenburg has traditionally been used for the city. The French French is a Romance language spoken as a first language by about 136 million people worldwide. Around 190 million people speak French as a second language, and an additional 200 million speak it as an acquired foreign language. French speaking communities are present in 57 countries and territories. Most native speakers of the language live in form of the city name is Gothembourg. Gottenburg can also be seen in some older English texts. These traditional forms are now sometimes replaced with the use of the Swedish Göteborg, for example by the Göteborg Opera, Göteborg Ballet, Göteborg International Film Festival, and by the city itself (in English, the City of Göteborg). The U.S. Navy The United States Navy is the sea branch of the United States armed forces. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. As of 31 December 2008, the U.S. Navy had about 331,682 personnel on active duty and 124,000 in the Navy Reserve. It operates 284 ships in active service and more than 3,700 aircraft. The U.S. Navy is the also refer to the city in English as Göteborg.^{[citation needed]} Effective February 1, 2008, however, Göteborgs universitet, previously designated as Göteborg University in English, changed to the University of Gothenburg The University of Gothenburg is a university in Sweden's second largest city, Gothenburg.^[6] Other old variations in Swedish are Götheborgh, and the more common, Götheborg. One English text written in the late 15th century says the name as "Guthaeborg".

History

Further information: History of Gothenburg Gothenburg circa 1700 from Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna

In the 16th and 17th century, the configuration of Sweden's borders made Gothenburg strategically important as the Swedish gateway to the west, lying on the west coast in the narrow area between the territories of Denmark-Norway ² Denmark , Schleswig-Holstein (15,763 km²), Norway (mainland) (324,220 km²), Faroes (1,399 km²), Iceland (103,000 km²). (With Greenland additional 2,175,600 km².) . After several failed attempts, Gothenburg was successfully founded in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus Gustav II Adolf , widely known in English by the Latinized name Gustavus Adolphus and variously in historical writings sometimes as simply just Gustavus, or Gustavus the Great, or Gustav Adolf the Great, (Swedish: Gustav Adolf den store, from the special distinction passed by the Swedish Parliament in 1634), was founder of the Swedish Empire (or (Gustaf II Adolf). The site of the first church built in Gothenburg, subsequently destroyed by Dutch invaders, is marked by a stone near the north end of the Älvsborg Bridge in Färjenäs park. The church was built in 1603 and destroyed in 1611. The city was heavily influenced by the Dutch. Dutch city planners were contracted to build the city as they had the skills needed to build in the marshy areas around the city. The town was designed after Dutch The Netherlands (pronounced /ˈnɛðɚləndz/ ; Dutch: Nederland, pronounced [ˈneːdərlɑnt] ( listen)) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located in North-West Europe. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany cities like Amsterdam Amsterdam (pronounced /ˈæmstərdæm/; Dutch [ɑmstərˈdɑm] ) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. The city, which had a population (including suburbs) of 1.36 million on 1 January 2008, comprises the northern part of the Randstad, the sixth-largest metropolitan, and therefore the plan of the streets and canals closely resembles that of Jakarta Jakarta , officially the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of Java, it has an area of 661 square kilometres (255 sq mi) and a population of 8,490,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political center. It is the most populous city in Indonesia and in, which was built by the Dutch around the same time.^[7] The Dutchmen initially won political power and it was not until 1652, when the last Dutch politician in the city's council died, that the Swedes Sweden (pronounced /ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən, Swedish: Sverige [ˈsvær.jə]), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and water borders with Denmark, Germany and acquired political power over Gothenburg.^[8] During the Dutch period the town followed Dutch town laws and there were propositions to make Dutch the official language in the town. Heavy city walls were built during the 17th century. These city walls were torn down after about 1810, because the development of cannons A cannon is any piece of artillery that uses gunpowder or other usually explosive-based propellants to launch a projectile. Cannon vary in caliber, range, mobility, rate of fire, angle of fire, and firepower; different forms of cannon combine and balance these attributes in varying degrees, depending on their intended use on the battlefield. The made such walls less valuable as a defense.

Along with the Dutch, the town also was influenced by the Scottish Christianity ; other minority groups; agnostics and atheists, who came to settle in Gothenburg. Many became people of high profile. William Chalmers was the son of a Scottish immigrant and donated his fortunes to create what later became Chalmers University of Technology. In 1841 the Scotsman Alexander Keiller founded the Götaverken ship building company that still exists today. His son James Keiller gifted Keiller Park to the city in 1906. The Scottish influence can still be felt in Gothenburg in the present-day with names like Glenn and Morgan, which in the rest of Sweden are rare, are not uncommon in Gothenburg, as is the use of a Scottish sounding "r" in the local dialect.^{[citation needed]}

The Gothenburg coat of arms was based on the lion of the coat of arms of Sweden The greater national coat of arms and the lesser national coat of arms (lilla riksvapnet) are the official coats of arms of Sweden, symbolically holding a shield with the national emblem, the Three Crowns, to defend against its enemies.

In the Treaty of Roskilde The Treaty of Roskilde was concluded on 26 February or 8 March 1658 (NS) during the Second Northern War between Frederick III of Denmark-Norway and Charles X Gustav of Sweden in the Danish city of Roskilde. After a devastating defeat, Denmark-Norway was forced to give up nearly half her territory to save the rest, namely Blekinge, Bornholm, Bohusl� (1658) Denmark-Norway ceded the then Danish province Halland Halland (Hallandia) is one of the traditional provinces of Sweden (landskap in Swedish), on the western coast of Sweden. It borders Västergötland, Småland, Scania and the sea of Kattegat, to the south, and the Norwegian province of Bohus County or Bohuslän Bohuslän (Bahusia) is one of the 25 traditional non-administrative provinces of Sweden (landskap in Swedish), situated on the west coast of the country. It borders Dalsland and Västergötland as well as the Skagerrak arm of the North Sea and Østfold in Norway to the north, leaving Gothenburg in a less exposed position. Gothenburg was able to grow into an important port and trade centre on the west coast thanks to the fact that it was the only city on the west coast that was granted, together with Marstrand Marstrand is a seaside locality situated in Kungälv Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 1,432 inhabitants in 2005. It has held city privileges since 1200. The most striking feature about Marstrand is the 17th century fortress Carlsten, named after King Carl X Gustav of Sweden. The town got its name from its location on the island, the rights to trade with merchants from other countries.^[8]

In the 18th century, fishing was the most important industry. However, in 1731 the Swedish East India Company was founded, and the city flourished due to its foreign trade with highly profitable commercial expeditions to Asian countries.

Gothenburg's 1864 expansion plan; today's street grid looks much the same.

The harbour developed into Sweden's main harbour for trade towards the west, and with the Swedish emigration to North America During the Swedish emigration to the United States in the 19th and early 20th centuries, about 1.3 million Swedes left Sweden for the United States of America. While the land of the U.S. frontier was a magnet for poor all over Europe, some factors especially encouraged Swedish emigration. There was widespread resentment against the religious increasing, Gothenburg became Sweden's main point of departure. The impact of Gothenburg as a main port of embarkation for Swedish emigrants is reflected by Gothenburg, Nebraska, a small Swedish settlement in the United States.

With the 19th century, Gothenburg evolved into a modern industrial city that continued on into the 20th century. The population increased tenfold in the century, from 13,000 (1800) to 130,000 (1900). In the 20th century major companies that developed included SKF SKF, Svenska Kullagerfabriken AB, later AB SKF, is a Swedish bearing company founded in 1907, supplying bearings, seals, lubrication and lubrication systems, maintenance products, mechatronics products, power transmission products and related services globally (est. 1907) and Volvo AB Volvo is a Swedish builder of commercial vehicles, including trucks, buses and construction equipment. Until 1999 it also produced cars. Volvo also supplies marine and industrial drive systems, aerospace components and financial services. Although Volvo was incorporated in 1915 as a subsidiary of AB SKF, a Swedish ball bearing manufacturer, the (est. 1926).

In more recent years however, the industrial section has faced a recession, which has spurred the development of new sectors such as increased merchandising, tourism and cultural and educational institutions.^{[citation needed]}

In 2001, major protests occurred in the city during the EU summit and the visit by U.S. president The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is one of only two nationally elected federal officers, the other being the Vice President of the United States George W. Bush George Walker Bush ( /ˈdʒɔrdʒ ˈwɔːkər ˈbʊʃ/ ; born July 6, 1946) was the 43rd President of the United States, serving from 2001 to 2009, and the 46th Governor of Texas, serving from 1995 to 2000.

Geography

Main article: Geography of Gothenburg Gothenburg viewed from space

Gothenburg is located on the west coast, in Southwestern Sweden, approximately half way between the capitals Copenhagen Copenhagen ; Danish: København (pronounced [kʰøb̥ənˈhaʊ̯ˀn] ( listen)) is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban population of 1,181,239 (2010) and a metropolitan population of 1,894,521 (2010). Copenhagen is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager. With around 2.7 million inhabitants within a 50 km radius,, Denmark Denmark (pronounced /ˈdɛnmɑrk/ ; Danish: Danmark, pronounced [ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊], archaic: [ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊]) is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe and the senior member of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark borders, and Oslo Oslo (Norwegian pronunciation: [ùʃlu] or [ùslu]) is the capital and largest city in Norway. Founded around 1048 by King Harald III of Norway, the city was largely destroyed by a fire in 1624. The Danish–Norwegian king Christian IV rebuilt the city as Christiania (briefly also spelt Kristiania). In 1925 the city reclaimed its original, Norway After World War II, Norway experienced rapid economic growth, with the first two decades due to the Norwegian shipping and merchant marine and domestic industrialization, and from the early 1970s, a result of exploiting large oil and natural gas deposits that had been discovered in the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea. Today, Norway ranks as the. The location at the mouth of the river Göta älv, which feeds into Kattegatt, an arm of the North Sea The North Sea is a marginal, epeiric sea on the European continental shelf. The Dover Strait and the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north connect it to the Atlantic Ocean. It is more than 970 kilometres long and 580 kilometres (360 mi) wide, with an area of around 750,000 square kilometres (290,000 sq mi). A large part, has helped the city grow in significance as a trading city A trading post is a place or establishment where the trading of goods takes place. The preferred travel route to a trading post or between trading posts, is known as a trade route. Due to the Gulf Stream The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension towards Europe, the North Atlantic Drift, is a powerful, warm, and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates at the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean. The process of western intensification causes the, the city has a mild climate and quite a lot of rain.^{[citation needed]}

The archipelago Archipelagos can be found isolated in bodies of water; or with a large land mass may neighbour them. For example, Scotland has more than 700 islands surrounding its mainland. Archipelagos are often volcanic, forming along island arcs generated by subduction zones or hotspots, but there are many other processes involved in their construction, of Gothenburg consists of rough, barren rocks and cliffs, which also is typical for the coast of Bohuslän Bohuslän (Bahusia) is one of the 25 traditional non-administrative provinces of Sweden (landskap in Swedish), situated on the west coast of the country. It borders Dalsland and Västergötland as well as the Skagerrak arm of the North Sea and Østfold in Norway.

The Gothenburg Metropolitan Area extends to the municipalities of Ale, Härryda, Kungälv, Lerum, Mölndal, Partille, Stenungsund, Tjörn Tjörn Municipality is a municipality that covers the island of Tjörn in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Skärhamn, Öckerö in Västra Götaland County Västra Götaland County is a county or län on the western coast of Sweden, and Kungsbacka in Halland County.

Climate

Gothenburg has an oceanic climate An oceanic climate is the climate typically found along the west coasts at the middle latitudes of some of the world's continents, and in southeastern Australia. Climates near the ocean have moderately cool summers and comparatively warm winters, they are generally characterized by a narrower annual range of temperatures than are encountered in according to Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen himself notably in 1918 and 1936. Later, German climatologist Rudolf Geiger collaborated with Köppen on changes to the classification. Despite its high northern latitude, temperatures are quite mild throughout the year and much warmer than places in similar latitude, or even somewhat further south, mainly because of the moderating influence of the warm Gulf Stream The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension towards Europe, the North Atlantic Drift, is a powerful, warm, and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates at the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean. The process of western intensification causes the. During the summer, daylight extends 17 hours, but lasts only around 7 hours in late December.

Summers are warm and pleasant with average high temperatures of 20 to 21 °C (68 to 70 °F) and lows of 11 to 13 °C (52 to 55 °F), but temperatures of 25–30 °C (77–86 °F) occur on many days during the summer. Winters are cold and windy with temperatures of around -4 to 3 °C (25 to 37 °F), even though it rarely drops below −10 °C (14.0 °F). Winters are much warmer than many other places at the same latitude Latitude, usually denoted by the Greek letter phi gives the location of a place on Earth (or other planetary body) north or south of the equator. Lines of Latitude are the imaginary horizontal lines shown running east-to-west (or west to east) on maps (particularly so in the Mercator projection) that run either north or south of the equator, and are not colder than either Canada and most of northern United States.

Precipitation is regular but generally moderate throughout the year. Snow mainly occurs from January to March. Snow cover occurs but usually does not remain very long.

Typical temperatures and precipitation for each month:^[9]

Climate data for Göteborg
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	10 (50)	10 (50)	19 (66)	28 (82)	30 (86)	34 (93)	33 (91)	34 (93)	29 (84)	21 (70)	13 (55)	10 (50)	34 (93)
Average high °C (°F)	1 (34)	1 (34)	5 (41)	10 (50)	16 (61)	20 (68)	21 (70)	21 (70)	16 (61)	12 (54)	6 (43)	3 (37)	11 (52)
Average low °C (°F)	-3 (27)	-4 (25)	-1 (30)	2 (36)	7 (45)	11 (52)	13 (55)	12 (54)	9 (48)	6 (43)	2 (36)	-2 (28)	4.3 (39.7)
Record low °C (°F)	-26 (-15)	-26 (-15)	-19 (-2)	-10 (14)	-4 (25)	1 (34)	6 (43)	2 (36)	-3 (27)	-7 (19)	-16 (3)	-22 (-8)	-26 (-15)
Precipitation mm (inches)	61 (2.4)	40 (1.57)	49 (1.93)	41 (1.61)	49 (1.93)	59 (2.32)	68 (2.68)	75 (2.95)	80 (3.15)	83 (3.27)	82 (3.23)	72 (2.83)	759 (29.88)
Avg. precipitation days	17	13	14	12	12	12	13	14	15	16	17	16	171
Source: World Weather Information Service[10]

Parks and Nature

Gothenburg has many parks and nature reserves ranging in size from tens of metres to hundreds of hectares. There are many more green areas that are maintained on varying levels.

Selection of parks:

- Kungsparken. 13 hectars, built between 1839-1861. Surrounds the canal that circles the city centre.

- Slottsskogen. 137 hectares, Created in 1874 by August Kobb. Has a free 'open' zoo that includes seals, penguins, horses, pigs, deer, elk, goats and many birds. Hosts the Way Out West Festival.

- Änggårdsbergens Naturreservat. 220 hectares. Bought in 1840 by Arvid Gren, a pharmacist, in 1963 donated to the city by Sven and Carl Gren Broberg who stated the area must remain a nature and bird reserve. Lies partly in Mölndal.

- Delsjöområdets Naturreservat. Approx. 760 hectares. In use since 1600s as a farming area, a lot of forest management was carried out in the late 1800s. Skatås gym & motionscentrum is situated here.

- Rya Skogs Naturreservat. 17 hectares, in 1928 became a protected area. Contains remnants of a defensive wall built in the mid to late 1600s.

- Keillers Park. James Keiller donated the park in 1906. He was the son of Scotish Alexander Keiller who founded Götaverken, a shipbuilding company.

- S.A. Hedlunds Park. Sven Adolf Hedlund, newspaper publisher and politian bought the 15 hectare Bjurslätt farm in 1857, in 1928 it was gifted to the city.

- Hisingsparken. Gothenburgs biggest park.

- Flunsåsparken. Built in 1950. Has many free activities during the summer such as concerts and theatre. See links.

- Gothenburg Botanical Garden. 175 hectares. Opened in 1923. Won an award in 2003 and in 2006 was 3rd in "The most beautiful garden in Europe" competition. Around 16,000 species of plant and tree. The greenhouses contain around 4500 species including 1600 orchids. See links

Caution.

Ticks in Sweden have been on the increase since the 1980s, especially in southern Sweden around coastal areas. 10-30% carry Lyme Disease^[11]. Tick-borne encephalitis is also an increasing danger^[12]. Even in city parks you should check for ticks if you have been walking through long grass or bushes.

Culture

Poseidon statue by Carl Milles – an often used symbol of Gothenburg.

The sea, trade and industrial history of the city is evident in the cultural life of Gothenburg. The greatest attraction in the city is the amusement park Liseberg (see Points of interest). Another fact related to the industrial heritage of the city is that many of the cultural institutions, as well as hospitals and the university, were created thanks to donations from rich merchants and industrialists, for example the Röhsska Museum.

There are many free theatre ensembles in the city, besides institutions like Gothenburg City Theatre, Backa Theatre (youth theatre), and Folkteatern. On December 29^th, 2004, the Museum of World Culture was opened in Gothenburg, located near Korsvägen.

The Gothenburg Film Festival, held each year, is the largest film festival in Scandinavia.^[13] Similarly, the Gothenburg Book Fair, held every year in September, is the largest such event in Scandinavia.

Citing the Financial Crisis, in a move set to disappoint many in the Asia-Pacific region, IFLA has announced that Gothenburg will host the 2010 World Library and Information Congress,^[14] previously to be held in Brisbane, Australia.

Architecture

Many buildings in the old part of the city were built along canals

There are very few houses left from the 17th century when the city was founded, since all but the military and royal houses were built of wood.^[15] One example is Skansen Kronan.

The first major architecturally interesting period is the 18th century when the East India Company made Gothenburg an important trade city. Imposing stone houses with a Classical look were erected around the canals. One example from this period is the East India House, which today houses Gothenburg’s City Museum.

In the 19th century, the wealthy bourgeoisie begun to move outside the city walls which had protected the city when the Union of Denmark and Norway was still a threat. The style now was an eclectic, academic, somewhat over decorated style which the middle-class favoured. The working class lived in the overcrowded city district Haga, in wooden houses.

In the 19th century the first important town plan after the founding of city was created, which led to the construction of the main street, Kungsportsavenyn. The perhaps most significant type of houses of the city, Landshövdingehusen, were built in the end of the 19th century; three storey-houses with the first floor in stone and the other two in wood.

A very important period in the architectural history of the city was the early 20th century, when the National Romantic style dominated. Among the many monumental building erected the Masthugget Church can be mentioned.

And in the beginning of the 1920s, when the city celebrated its 300th anniversary, the Götaplatsen square with its Neo-Classical look was built.

After this the predominant style in Gothenburg and rest of Sweden was Functionalism which especially dominated the suburbs like Västra Frölunda and Bergsjön. The prominent Swedish functionalist architect Uno Åhrén served as the city planner here from 1932 through 1943. In the 1950s the big stadium Ullevi was erected when Sweden hosted the 1958 FIFA World Cup.

The modern architecture of the city is being formed by such architects as Gert Wingårdh who started as a Post-Modernist in the 1980s.

A further remarkable construction is Brudaremossen TV Tower, one of the few partially guyed towers in the world.

Characteristic buildings

Gothenburg Central Station Feskekörkan

The Gothenburg Central Station is in the heart of the city, just next to Nordstan and Drottningtorget. The building has been renovated and expanded numerous times since the grand opening in October 1858. In 2003 a major reconstruction was finished which brought the 19th century building in to the 21st century expanding the capacity for trains, travellers and shopping. Not far from the centralstation is Skanskaskrapan, or more common known as "The Lipstick". It's 86 meters high with 22 floors and coulored in red-white stripes. The skyscraper was designed by Ralph Erskine and built by Skanska in the 1980s as the headquarter for the company.

By the shore of Göta Älv is the Gothenburg Opera. It was completed in 1994. The architect Jan Izikowitz was inspired by the landscape and described his vision as "Something that makes your mind float over the squiggling landscape like the wings of a seagull. The shape is inspired by the impressive landscape with the light and openness, to the concrete technical constructions of the port; the floating grace of the bridges; the obvious frame made from the strength, softness and grace of the hull of a ship, the seagull's wings and the flawless streamlined shape of a sail."

Feskekôrka, or Fiskhallen,^[16] is a fishmarket by the Rosenlundskanalen in the heart of Gothenburg. Feskekôrkan was opened on November 1, 1874 and the name comes from being compared with a church.

Music

Gothenburg Opera Further information: List of bands from Gothenburg

Gothenburg has a rich music life—the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra is the best known when it comes to classical music. Gothenburg also was the birthplace of the Swedish composer Kurt Atterberg. Bands like The Soundtrack of Our Lives and Ace of Base are well known pop representatives of the city. There is also an active indie scene. For example, the musician Jens Lekman was born in the suburb of Angered and named his 2007 release Night Falls Over Kortedala after another suburb (Kortedala). Other internationally acclaimed indie artists include the electro pop duos Studio, The Knife, Air France, The Tough Alliance, songwriter José González and pop singer El Perro Del Mar as well as genre bending quartet Little Dragon fronted by vocalist Yukimi Nagano.

The city is also noted for being the centre of the heavy metal subgenre melodic death metal (sometimes even called "The Gothenburg sound"). Gothenburg metal is distinct to the traditional death metal due to its mixture of melody, harmony and extensive guitar solos. Often, keyboards and clean singing are incorporated (instead of using the traditional death metal growl vocal style). Gothenburg's own commercially successful At the Gates, In Flames and Dark Tranquillity are credited with pioneering this melodic style, although first made by Michael Amott of Arch Enemy, Spiritual Beggars, ex-Carcass and ex-Carnage. Another well known band of the Gothenburg scene is The Haunted. Progressive power metal band Evergrey also originate from the city as do power metal bands HammerFall and Dream Evil.

The Metaltown Festival is a two day festival featuring heavy metal music bands, held in Gothenburg. It has been arranged annually since 2004, taking place at the Frihamnen venue. The most recent festival, 26–27 June 2009, included bands such as Marilyn Manson, Slipknot, Opeth, Napalm Death, and Disturbed.

Food and drink

Gothenburg, with its location by the sea, is famous for the quality and variety of its seafood dishes. Various fish restaurants exist in the city, from low-class shacks to world-class eateries. The city also has a number of star chefs – over the past decade, seven of the Swedish Chef of the Year Awards have been won by Gothenburgers.^[17] A popular place to buy fish ingredients is the Feskekôrka ("Fish Church"); an indoor fish market which got its name from the building's resemblance to a Gothic church. Five Gothenburg restaurants have a star in the 2008 Michelin Guide: 28 +, Basement, Fond, Kock & Vin, Fiskekrogen and Sjömagasinet.^[18]

Sports

With around 20,000 sailboats and yachts scattered about the city, sailing is a popular sports activity in the region, particularly because of the nearby Gothenburg Archipelago. Ullevi Stadium, the largest outdoor sports arena in Scandinavia

As in all of Sweden, a variety of sports are followed, including but not limited to football, ice hockey, basketball, and team handball. There is a varied amateur and professional sports clubs scene. Gothenburg is the birthplace of football in Sweden as the first football match in Sweden was played there in 1892. The city's three major clubs, IFK Göteborg, Örgryte IS and GAIS share a total of 34 Swedish Championships between them. IFK has also won the UEFA Cup twice. Other notable clubs include BK Häcken (football), Pixbo Wallenstam IBK (floorball), multiple national team handball champion Redbergslids IK, and three time national ice hockey champion Frölunda HC, Gothenburg has also a professional Basketball team Gothia Basket. The bandy section of GAIS, GAIS Bandy, played qualification matches to the highest division Elitserien last season.

The city's most notable sports venues are Scandinavium (ice hockey), and Nya Ullevi (multisport) and the new-built Gamla Ullevi^[19] (football).

Gothenburg has hosted a number of international sporting events including the 1958 FIFA World Cup, the 1983 European Cup Winners' Cup Final, the 1992 European Football Championship, the 1993 and the 2002 World Men's Handball Championship, the 1995 World Championships in Athletics, the 1997 World Championships in Swimming (Short track), the 2002 Ice Hockey World Championships, the 2004 UEFA Cup final, the 2006 European Championships in Athletics, and the 2008 World Figure Skating Championships. Annual events held in the city are the Gothia Cup and the Göteborgsvarvet.

Gothenburg will host the XIII FINA World Masters Championships 2010.^[20] Diving, swimming, synchronized swimming and open water competitions will take place from July 28 to August 7. The water polo events will be held on the neighboring city of Borås.

Economy

The SKF factory in Gothenburg.

Due to the Gothenburg's advantageous location in the centre of Scandinavia, trade and shipping have always played a major role in the city's economic history, and they continue to do so. Gothenburg port has come to be the largest harbour in the whole of Scandinavia.^[3]

Apart from trade, the second pillar of Gothenburg has traditionally been manufacturing, and industry which significantly contributes to the city's wealth. Major companies operating plants in the area include SKF, Volvo, and Ericsson. Volvo Cars is the largest employer in Gothenburg, not including jobs in supply companies. The blue collar industries which have dominated the city for long are still important factors in the city's economy, but they are being gradually replaced by high tech industries.

Banking and finance are also important trades as well as the event and tourist industry.^[3]

Historically, Gothenburg was home base of the 18th century Swedish East India Company and were from the founding of the city until the late 1970s a world leading city in ship building with shipyards as Eriksbergs Mekaniska Verkstads AB, Götaverken, Arendalsvarvet and Lindholmens varv.

Government

Main article: Gothenburg Municipality

Demographics

Gothenburg, like most Swedish metropolitan areas, has a large immigrant population.^[21] According to Statistics Sweden in 2005, there are 108,480 immigrants resident in Gothenburg,^[22] which is about 25% of the population, out of which 10% are from Finland and 9% from Iran. The Iranian population, as well as other immigrants from the Middle East (notably Iraq) and Somalia is concentrated in Angered (most notably Hjällbo and Hammarkullen), other suburbs in the north east (Bergsjön) and Biskopsgården, while other immigrants from Scandinavia, Southern Europe (notably Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Greece) and Eastern Europe are far less segregated.

Education

The University of Gothenburg is one of the largest universities in the Nordic countries.

Gothenburg has two universities, both of which started off as colleges founded by private donations in the 19th century. The University of Gothenburg has approximately 25,000 students and is one of the largest universities in Scandinavia^[23] and one of the most versatile in Sweden. Chalmers University of Technology is a well known university located in Johanneberg 2 km south of the inner city, lately also established at Lindholmen in Norra Älvstranden, Hisingen.^[24]

There are also four folk high schools (Arbetarrörelsens Folkhögskola i Göteborg, Folkhögskolan i Angered, Göteborgs Folkhögskola, and Kvinnofolkhögskolan).

Gothenburg has some 25-30 high schools. Four of the more notable schools are Schillerska gymnasiet, Donnergymnasiet, Hvitfeldtska gymnasiet, Burgårdens Utbildningscentrum and Göteborgs Högre Samskola. There are also some high-schools connected to big Swedish companies. One is SKF Technical high-school (belonging to SKF) and Gothenburg's technical high-school (belonging to Volvo).

Points of interest

Liseberg, the largest amusement park in Scandinavia.

Gothenburg is a popular destination for tourists on the Swedish west-coast, and offers a number of cultural and architectural highlights.

The main boulevard is called Kungsportsavenyn (commonly known as Avenyn, "The Avenue"). It is about one kilometre long and starts at Götaplatsen — which is the location of the Gothenburg Museum of Art, the city's theatre, the city library as well as the concert hall— and stretches out all the way to Kungsportsplatsen in the old city centre of Gothenburg, crossing a canal and a small park. The Avenyn was created in the 1860s and 1870s as a result of an international architecture contest, and is the product of a period of extensive town planning and re-modelling.^[25] Avenyn has Gothenburg's highest concentration of pubs and clubs.

Scandinavia's largest shopping centre, Nordstan, is located in central Gothenburg. Gothenburg's Haga district is known for its picturesque wooden houses and its cafés.

The Gothenburg Opera house was inaugurated in 1994, and is an architectural landmark situated right next to the Göta älv river. Museums include the Gothenburg Museum of Art, Göteborgs Konsthall, Röhss Museum, and several museums of sea and navigation history, natural history, the sciences, and East India. The Museum of World Culture^[26] was inaugurated in 2004. Aeroseum, close to the Göteborg City Airport, is a unique aircraft museum in a former military under ground Air Force base.

The Göteborg Botanical Garden^[27] is considered to be one of the most important botanical gardens in Europe with three stars in the French Guide Rouge. Next to the botanical garden is Gothenburg's largest park, Slottsskogen, where the Natural History Museum (Naturhistoriska Museet) is located. The park is also home to the city's oldest observatorie and a zoo.

The amusement park Liseberg is located in the central part of the city. Liseberg is Scandinavia's largest amusement park by number of rides,^[28] and the most popular attraction in Sweden by number of visitors per year (>3 millions). Located near Liseberg is a science discovery centre named Universeum.

One of Gothenburg's most popular natural tourist attractions is the Southern Gothenburg Archipelago, which is a set of many picturesque islands that can be reached by ferry boat. Within the archipelago Älvsborg Fortress, Vinga and Styrsö islands are popular places to visit.

The Gunnebo House can be seen South of Gothenburg, in Mölndal. It was built in a neoclassical architecture in the end of the 18th century.

Transportation

Gothenburg harbour seen from the Älvsborg bridge. Seen to the left is the ship HSS Stena Carisma and to the right MS Stena Scandinavica. Gothenburg's popular tram system covers most of the city which makes it the most extensive in Scandinavia. Here shown a vintage tourist tram at Kungsportsavenyn.

Air

Gothenburg-Landvetter Airport is an international airport serving the Gothenburg region in Sweden. With 4.3 million passengers in 2006 it is Sweden's second-largest airport. It is operated by the Swedish Civil Aviation Administration (Luftfartsverket). It has connections with about 40 scheduled destinations, and is located 20 km east of Gothenburg.

Gothenburg's second international airport is Gothenburg City Airport formerly known as Säve Flygplats and Sweden's 7th largest airport.^[29] It is located within the borders of Gothenburg Municipality, about 15 km northwest of the city centre. In 2008, more than 850,000 flew from City Airport. In addition to commercial airlines, the airport is also operated by a number of rescue services, including the Swedish Coast Guard, and is used for other general aviation. Most civil air traffic to Gothenburg City Airport is Ryanair with destinations such as London, Glasgow, Barcelona and Düsseldorf.

Sea

The Swedish company Stena Line operates between Gothenburg/Frederikshavn in Denmark and Gothenburg/Kiel in Germany.

The "England ferry" (Englandsfärjan) to Newcastle over Kristiansand (run by the Danish company DFDS Seaways) ceased at the end of October 2006,^[30] after being a Gothenburg institution since the 19th century. DFDS Seaways' sister company, DFDS Tor Line, continues to run scheduled freight ships between Gothenburg and several English ports, and these have limited capacity for passengers and their private vehicles. There are also freight ships to North America and East Asia.

Rail and intercity bus

Other major transportation hubs are Centralstationen (Gothenburg Central Station) and the Nils Ericson Terminal with trains and buses to various destinations in Sweden, as well as connections to Oslo and Copenhagen (via Malmö).

Freight

Gothenburg is a logistic centre, with transports by train and truck from Sweden and Norway to Gothenburg harbour which is by far the largest port in Scandinavia with a cargo turnover of 36.9 million tonnes a year (2004).^[31]

Public transport

With over 80 km of double track the Gothenburg tram is the largest tram/light rail network in Scandinavia. The bus network, however, is almost as important. There are also some boat and ferry services. The lack of a subway is due to the soft ground on which Gothenburg is situated. Tunneling is very expensive in such conditions. There is also a commuter rail in Gothenburg servicing nearby some nearby cities and towns.

Notable people

Main article: List of people connected to Gothenburg

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Sweden

Twin towns and sister cities

Gothenburg is twinned with:

Bergen, Norway Turku, Finland Aarhus Municipality, Denmark Oslo, Norway

Shanghai, China Lyon, France[32] Chicago, United States Cracow, Poland

St. Petersburg, Russia Tallinn, Estonia Rostock, Germany

See also

Sweden portal

• Metropolitan Gothenburg
• Gothenburg archipelago
• East Indiaman Götheborg
• Largest European metropolitan areas
• Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits
• Tuve landslide

Notes and references

1. ^ ^{a b c} "Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km² 2000 och 2005" (in Swedish) (xls). Statistics Sweden. http://www.scb.se/statistik/MI/MI0810/2005A01B/T%c3%a4torternami0810tab1.xls. Retrieved 2009-05-10.
2. ^ http://www.goteborg.se/statistik
3. ^ ^{a b c} Swedish National Encyclopedia (password needed)
4. ^ Volvo group history: Volvo's founders
5. ^ Hellquist, E. Svensk etymologisk ordbok. Pamp, B. Ortnamnen i Sverige. Svenska ortnamnsarkiv. AWE/Gebers serie om ortnamnen i våra landskap.
6. ^ University of Gothenburg, University of Gothenburg - the University's new English name
7. ^ Kastrup, Allan. (1975). The Swedish heritage in America: the Swedish element in America and American-Swedish relations in their historical perspective. Swedish Council of America.
8. ^ ^{a b} Henriksson, Dick and Älveby, Rustan. (1994). Vårt Levebröd - Göteborgregionens näringsliv Igår, I dag och I morgon. Publisher: Akademiförlaget. Page 5. ISBN 91-24-16635-9
9. ^ Goteborg, The Official Visitors Guide, Climate 2006-07-18
10. ^ "Weather Information for Gothenburg". World Weather Information Service. http://www.worldweather.org/096/c01042.htm. Retrieved August 6, 2008.
11. ^ http://www.travmed.com/guide/country.php?c=Sweden
12. ^ http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=18916
13. ^ "Göteborg International Film Festival 2008: Göteborg International Film Festival". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2008-01-24. http://web.archive.org/web/20080124154359/http://www.filmfestival.org/filmfestival/page/en/information/festivalen. Retrieved 2009-07-25.
14. ^ Göteborg, Sweden to host the 2010 IFLA World Library and Information Congress, July 8, 2009
15. ^ Nationalencyklopedin (NE), The Swedish National Encyclopedia (Most of this section is based on NE)
16. ^ 100 utmärkta hus i Göteborg, Manne Ekman & Margareta Rydbo, Göteborgs Stadsmuseum, Alfa Print AB, Sundbyberg 2007 ISBN 978-91-85488-78-0 s.78
17. ^ New York Times article
18. ^ Information from the tourist company Göteborg & Co, website www.goteborg.com
19. ^ Gamla Ullevi, Higabgruppen, website (Swedish) http://www.higab.se/fotbollsarenan/default.asp
20. ^ http://www.2010finamasters.org/ XIII FINA World Masters Championships 2010 website
21. ^ Statistics Sweden
22. ^ Exceldocument from the townships homepage
23. ^ "About the university - University of Gothenburg". Gu.se. http://www.gu.se/english/about_the_university/. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
24. ^ [Chalmers University of Technology official webpage: Premises and campus http://www.chalmers.se/en/sections/about_chalmers/premises-campus]
25. ^ Guide till Sveriges arkitektur, red. Waern, Caldenby, Arkitektur förlag
26. ^ "Världskulturmuseet - Start". Varldskulturmuseet.se. http://www.varldskulturmuseet.se/smvk/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=126&l=sv_SE. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
27. ^ Göteborg Botanical Garden
28. ^ Forbes Magazine article
29. ^ sv:Lista över flygplatser i Sverige
30. ^ "DFDS scraps Newcastle-Gothenburg line", The Local, 7 September 2006: "Danish shipping company DFDS Seaways is to scrap the only passenger ferry route between Sweden and Britain, with the axing of the Gothenburg-Newcastle route at the end of October."
31. ^ Statistics from the homepage of the Port of Göteborg
32. ^ "Partner Cities of Lyon and Greater Lyon". © 2008 Mairie de Lyon. http://www.lyon.fr/vdl/sections/en/villes_partenaires/villes_partenaires_2/?aIndex=1. Retrieved 2009-07-17.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Göteborg

• Goteborg.se - City of Gothenburg website (English)
• Göteborg travel guide from Wikitravel
• Goteborg.com - Gothenburg tourism portal (English)
• VisitSweden - VisitSweden's profile of Gothenburg (English)
• Naturen i Göteborg - Nature in Gothenburg. (Swedish)
• - Gothenburg Botanical Gardens. (English)
• Flunåsparken - Flunås park. (Swedish)

Gothenburg is one of 133 places with the historical city status in Sweden.

Boroughs of Gothenburg Älvsborg · Askim · Backa · Bergsjön · Biskopsgården · Centrum · Frölunda · Gunnared · Härlanda · Högsbo · Kärra-Rödbo · Kortedala · Lärjedalen · Linnéstaden · Lundby · Majorna · Örgryte · Styrsö · Torslanda · Tuve-Säve · Tynnered Swedish Municipalities · Göteborg

Municipalities and seats of Västra Götaland County Municipalities Ale · Alingsås · Åmål · Bengtsfors · Bollebygd · Borås · Dals-Ed · Essunga · Falköping · Färgelanda · Götene · Gothenburg · Grästorp · Gullspång · Härryda · Herrljunga · Hjo · Karlsborg · Kungälv · Lerum · Lidköping · Lilla Edet · Lysekil · Mariestad · Mark · Mellerud · Mölndal · Munkedal · Öckerö · Orust · Partille · Skara · Skövde · Sotenäs · Stenungsund · Strömstad · Svenljunga · Tanum · Tibro · Tidaholm · Tjörn · Töreboda · Tranemo · Trollhättan · Uddevalla · Ulricehamn · Vänersborg · Vara · Vårgårda Municipal seats Alingsås · Åmål · Bengtsfors · Bollebygd · Borås · Ed · Falköping · Färgelanda · Götene · Gothenburg · Grästorp · Gullspång and Hova · Henån · Herrljunga · Hjo · Karlsborg · Kinna · Kungälv · Kungshamn · Lerum · Lidköping · Lilla Edet · Lysekil · Mariestad · Mellerud · Mölndal · Mölnlycke · Munkedal · Nödinge-Nol · Nossebro · Öckerö · Partille · Skara · Skärhamn · Skövde · Stenungsund · Strömstad · Svenljunga · Tanumshede · Tibro · Tidaholm · Töreboda · Tranemo · Trollhättan · Uddevalla · Ulricehamn · Vänersborg · Vara · Vårgårda Counties of Sweden · Sweden

Localities in Göteborg Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden Localities: Andalen · Angered · Asperö · Billdal (part of) · Björlanda · Brännö · Donsö · Göteborg (part of) (seat) · Gundal och Högås (part of) · Hjuvik · Kvisljungeby · Låssby · Mysterna · Nolvik · Olofstorp · Rödbo · Säve · Styrsö · Torslanda · Trulsegården · Tumlehed · Vrångö

Localities in Härryda Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden Localities: Benareby · Eskilsby och Snugga · Göteborg (part of) · Hällingsjö · Härryda · Hindås · Landvetter · Mölnlycke (part of) (seat) · Nya Långenäs · Rävlanda · Rya · Stora Bugärde · Tahult

Localities in Mölndal Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden Localities: Göteborg (part of) · Gundal och Högås (part of) · Hällesåker · Kållered · Lindome · Mölnlycke (part of) · Tulebo

Localities in Partille Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden Localities: Göteborg (part of) · Jonsered · Kåhög · Öjersjö

Administrative seats of Swedish counties (län) Falun • Gävle • Gothenburg • Halmstad • Jönköping • Kalmar • Karlskrona • Karlstad • Linköping • Luleå • Malmö • Nyköping • Örebro • Östersund • Stockholm • Sundsvall • Umeå • Uppsala • Västerås • Växjö • Visby

30 most populous cities of Sweden as of 2005, according to Statistics Sweden [1] 1. Stockholm 800,000 2. Gothenburg 510,500 3. Malmö 258,000 4. Uppsala 144,839 5. Västerås 107,000 6. Örebro 98,200 7. Linköping 97,400 8. Helsingborg 91,500 9. Jönköping 84,400 10. Norrköping 83,600 11. Lund 76,200 12. Umeå 75,600 13. Gävle 68,700 14. Borås 63,400 15. Södertälje 60,300 16. Eskilstuna 60,200 17. Täby 58,600 18. Karlstad 58,500 19. Halmstad 55,700 20. Växjö 55,600 21. Sundsvall 49,300 22. Luleå 45,500 23. Trollhättan 44,500 24. Östersund 43,800 25. Borlänge 39,400 26. Falun 36,400 27. Upplands Väsby 36,000 28. Tumba 35,300 29. Kalmar 35,200 30. Skövde 33,100

50 most populous urban areas in the Nordic countries Denmark · Finland · Iceland · Norway · Sweden 1. Stockholm 1,252,000 2. Copenhagen 1,181,239 3. Helsinki 1,027,635 4. Oslo 907,288 5. Gothenburg 510,500 6. Malmö 258,000 7. Aarhus 242,914 8. Bergen 227,752 9. Tampere 211,691 10. Reykjavík 195,000 11. Stavanger 189,828 12. Turku 176,401 13. Odense 166,305 14. Trondheim 160,072 15. Uppsala 144,839 16. Oulu 137,370 17. Jyväskylä 128,114 18. Aalborg 123,432 19. Västerås 107,000 20. Fredrikstad 101,698 21. Lahti 100,444 22. Örebro 98,200 23. Linköping 97,400 24. Drammen 96,563 25. Kuopio 91,845 26. Helsingborg 91,500 27. Kouvola 88,396 28. Skien 86,923 29. Jönköping 84,400 30. Norrköping 83,600 31. Pori 75,562 32. Lund 76,200 33. Umeå 75,600 34. Joensuu 72,167 35. Esbjerg 71,459 36. Lappeenranta 70,210 37. Gävle 68,700 38. Kristiansand 67,547 39. Hämeenlinna 66,257 40. Borås 63,400 41. Södertälje 60,300 42. Randers 60,227 43. Eskilstuna 60,200 44. Rovaniemi 59,274 45. Vaasa 58,607 46. Täby 58,593 47. Karlstad 58,500 48. Kolding 57,087 49. Seinäjoki 56,578 50. Halmstad 55,688

Categories: Cities in Sweden | Gothenburg | Metropolitan Gothenburg | Municipal seats of Västra Götaland County | Swedish municipal seats | Populated places in Västra Götaland County | Coastal cities and towns in Sweden | Geats | Port cities and towns in Sweden | Port cities and towns of the North Sea | Populated coastal places in Sweden | Populated places established in 1621

 

 

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